Data Center Environmental Standards
Frequently Asked Questions:
What are the ASHRAE temperature and humidity guidelines for data centers?
As of 2008, ASHRAE standards recommend a data center temperature range between 65 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit (18-27°C). The recommended range for A1 to A4 class hardware is 18°C to 27°C (64.4°F to 80.6°F). For humidity, ASHRAE recommends:
– Relative Humidity: 20% to 80%
– Dew Point: 41.9°F to 59°F (5.5°C to 15°C)
– Maximum Dew Point: 22°C
These parameters strike a balance that prevents static electricity from low humidity and condensation from forming during high humidity conditions.
What is the ideal temperature and humidity for a data center?
The ideal operating range typically falls between 40% and 60% relative humidity, with a dew point between 41°F and 59°F (5.5°C to 15°C). For temperature, data centers should maintain between 70 and 75°F (21-24°C) under normal conditions, though ASHRAE allows for wider ranges. Some experienced IT professionals recommend a narrower humidity range of 50% to 70% for optimal conditions.
What is the data center tier classification system?
The data center tier classification system is a standardized ranking system developed by the Uptime Institute that indicates the reliability and redundancy of data center infrastructure. The system divides data centers into four progressive tiers (Tier I through Tier IV) based on their infrastructure capabilities, redundancy levels, and expected uptime.
Are there specific regulatory obligations data centers need to consider?
Yes, data centers must navigate six key regulatory areas:
1. Energy Consumption Regulation: Requirements for monitoring, reporting, and reducing energy usage
2. GHG Emissions Restrictions: Limits on greenhouse gas emissions from operations
3. Electronic Waste Regulation: Proper disposal and recycling of IT equipment
4. Water Usage Regulations: Monitoring and restrictions on water consumption for cooling
5. Noise Regulations: Limits on sound levels affecting surrounding areas
6. Building Codes and Zoning: Local requirements for construction and operation
Compliance varies by jurisdiction, and data centers must work with local authorities to ensure full compliance.
What types of fire suppression systems are used in data centers?
Data centers use specialized fire suppression systems designed for electronic equipment environments:
Clean Agent Systems:
– Gases like FM-200, Novec 1230, or Inergen
– Leave no residue that could damage equipment
– Safe for occupied spaces
– Quick deployment
Pre-Action Sprinkler Systems:
– Require two triggers before water release
– Reduces risk of accidental discharge
– Provides time to investigate alarms
VESDA (Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus):
– Detects smoke at extremely low levels
– Allows intervention before fire develops
– Crucial for preventing catastrophic damage
Fire suppression is part of overall security controls and protects against permanent equipment damage that could result in extended downtime.
When designing a data center, you must ensure that the facility provides the optimal environment for data storage. A data center’s environment directly impacts the performance of its equipment.
A computer room or data center is classified based on a four-tier system. Tier IV has the highest expectations and standards, and Tier I has the lowest. Following data center environmental standards ensures your equipment room has the conditions necessary for its level.
Environmental Standards for Data Centers
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) publishes data center environmental control standards. ASHRAE standards cover temperature, humidity, security and electricity.
As of 2008, ASHRAE standards recommend a data center temperature range between 65 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit and a dew point between 41.9 and 59 degrees Fahrenheit, or a maximum relative humidity of 60%.
Environmental Controls for Data Centers
You have several options for controlling the environment in a data center:
- Temperature controls: Temperature control starts with the hardware you use in a data center. Servers contain fans and internal cooling mechanisms designed to prevent overheating. Depending on your data center’s location, you may benefit from additional temperature controls, such as chillers, hot and cold aisle containment and airflow management.
- Humidity controls: Airflow management does more than control a data center’s temperature. It also helps to keep humidity levels under control. Excess moisture in the air can damage hardware and other equipment. Dry conditions are also an issue, as they increase the risk of static electricity.
- Fire suppression: Fire suppression and protection should be part of your data center’s security controls. Fire can permanently damage servers, leading to data loss. Since a data center is full of racks and servers, the fire suppression system you use needs to put out fires without causing extensive damage. A clean agent and a dry pipe sprinkler system are two examples of appropriate fire suppression systems for data centers.
- Electricity monitoring: Static electricity buildup from dry conditions can cause a power surge. In addition to controlling humidity levels in your data center, electricity monitoring will help you keep tabs on electrical levels. If the power surges, you can take action before significant damage occurs.
- Physical security systems: Your data center needs security systems that protect it from the effects of disasters, both natural and human-made. Options include disaster recovery solutions and surveillance systems that control who has access to the data center and its equipment.
Follow Environmental Regulations for Data Centers With Help From DataSpan
DataSpan helps your organization protect its data and follow environmental standards. We’re vendor-agnostic and offer custom-made solutions to meet your needs. Contact us today to learn more.
